Burning-kiln for bricks, &amp;c.



`Patented 1an. fs, |9ol.

im. 665,4l9.

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(Applietion led Aug. 20

(No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet I.

No. 665,4l9. 4 Patented 1an. 8,19".

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BURNING KILN FUR BBICKS, GLC.

(Application tiled Aug. 20, 1900. (No Model.)

3 Sheets-*Sheet 2.

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lo. 665,4!9. 4 l Patented lan. 8, |90l.v

" J. P. B. FISKE.

BURNING KILNFDB BlcKS, ac.

(Application led Aug. 20, 1900.) Rn Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Hllllllllll HlIll-IIIIIIIHHIHI UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JONATHAN P. B. FISKE, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

BURNING-KILN FOR BRICKS, 86C.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 665,419, dated January8, 190i.

Application filed August Z0. 1900. Serial No. 27,404. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom it may coc'er'n:

Be it known that I, JONATHAN P. B. FISKE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Newton, countyoi` Middlesex, State ofMassachusetts, have invented an Improvement in A Burning-Kilns forBricks, &c., of which the following description, in connection with theaccompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on thedrawings representing like parts.

My present invention is a brick-kiln or burning-kiln for bricks, tiles,dac., and has for its principal object the avoidance of the expensiveconstruction of the usual stack and permanent flues commonly provided inordinary burning-kilns.

The common kiln as heretofore employed in the manufacture of bricks isvery expensive, especially continuous kilns, the expense being in partdue to the provision of a' more or less elaborate system of permanentdues usually placed low down, and hence requiring comparatively largeand costly walls to contain them, and because of these permanentfeatures the deterioration of the kiln, as Well as the stack and fluesthemselves, is a material factor in the expense of the average kiln. Theiiues require arches or crowns, which settle, due to thealternateheating and cooling which is continually taking place and alsobecause of the construction just mentioned. One serious disadvantage ofthe common continuous burning-kiln is the poor and inefficient controlof the draft, due in part to the fact that the i'lues are at times coldand damp and that the stack is necessarily at a long distance from thefire, which distance varies from time to time, as the burning is done atdifferent points in the kiln. Moreover, great irregularity in the draftis caused by the varying condition of the difference between thetemperature of the stack and the outside atmosphere, which differencevaries greatly from time to time. A further objection to the common kilnis the diiculty experienced in regulating the draft in certain parts ofthe individual chambers, inasmuch as usually there are only one or twoconnections between each chamber and the iiue, and hence the draft inthe stacked bricks is frequently too great in the immediate vicinity ofthese due connections and is inadequate Yin the remaining portions ofthe kiln-chain-A ber, and finally it is almost impossible to keep tightthe bell-dampers usually employed in controlling the connections betweenthe various chambers and the flue because of the warping of the iron,due to the intense heat of burning, these dampers being each fixed inposition in or near the burning-chamber with which it cooperates. Mypresent invention aims to do away with all the above-named disadvantagesby eliminating the stack and fixed ilues and fixed dampers, and l havepro; vided instead thereof dues and dam pers which are never subjectedto a high temperature and provided a portable draft apparatus, wherebynot only the expense of the permanent iue and stack construction iseliminated, but the disadvantages of the remoteness of the stack and thedeterioration and poor control of draft above explained are obviated.

The structural features of my invention and the various details thereofand the mode of operation and the further advantages thereof will bepointed out more fully in the course of the following description,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which I haveillustrated one form or embodiment of my invention.

, In the drawings, Figure l illustrates in top plan one form ofcontinuous kiln built according to my invention. Fig. 2 is an endelevation thereof. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical transverse sectiontaken on the line 3 3, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken on theline 4 4, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal transverse section throughone of the feed-chutes and smoke-fines providedwith a closing-cover.

Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are respectively views in top plan and front and sideelevation, partly broken out for clearness, showing a modifiedconstruction of the portable draft apparatus.

It will be understood that the general plan of the kiln may be variedindefinitely to suit the requirements of the particular plant 01'purpose in view and that the kiln may be of any kind or constructionwhatever, although being preferably a continuous kiln, as herein shown,of an oval or elongated arrangement having sixteen chambers forconvenience of illustration.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 3 to 5, it will be seen that thechamber ais provided with combined feed-chutes and smoke-holes a', sixthereof being herein shown, and each IOO terminating at its upper end inan annular groove, recess, or sealingflange a2,-which groove may containsand a3, as indicated in Fig. 5, cooperating with a bell-shaped cover d4when it is desired to close the chutes orholes a. Each chamber issimilarly constructed, and the feed-chutes and smoke-holes a eX- tendacross the saine in a convenient location, as indicated, in order toproperly distribute the heat and to cooperate with whatl term myportable draft apparatus. Said draft apparatus may be of a constructioncapable of cooperating simultaneously with all the draftholes orcombined feed-chutes and smokeholes of the chamber or it may be of suchform and construction as to cooperate only with one or more of saidholes.

Before proceeding to describe the further details of construction it maybe well to explain that I consider the most radical departure or featureof novelty of my present invention to reside in the provision of meanscapable of transportation from chamber to chamber or from one portion ofthe kiln to another for delivering the smoke (whether water-smoke orproducts of combustion, or both) from the chamber or from a series ofchambers, and in its preferred form this portable apparatus consists ofan electric eX- haust-fan or other form of device for producing a forceddraft at any required point, said draft apparatus being connected withany hole or series of holes required, and then when the bricks are atthe proper stage of burning said draft apparatus is moved to the next orsome other chamber, where the process is repeated, and so onindefinitely. Myinvention in its simplest aspect is seen, therefore, toreside in the provision of a portable mechanism cooperating with asuitably-constructed kiln or chamber constituting a substitute for theelaborate and expensive and unsatisfactorystack and (lues heretoforeemployed.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, it will be seen that I provide a portablesmoke pipe or flue b, having elbows or lateral connections b cooperatingwith the holes a of the chamber, said pipe being closed at its ends b2and provided at its opposite ends with an exhaustfan b3 of any suitableconstruction, preferablyelectrical, being run, as herein indicated, by amotor D, and controlled by rheostat b5. 'lhe fan end of the portableapparatus is provided with legs b, adapted to rest ou one of the walls,herein shown as the inner wall d5, of the kiln, and the apparatus isprovided with eyes o7 bq to be engaged by hooks from an overhead trackor other convenient lifting device, whereby the whole device may beconveniently transported as required. The smoke passes out, as indicatedby the arrows, Fig. 4, from the outlet 1),and preferably each connectionb is provided with a damper bw, said dampers beingpreferablyindependently operable, whereby the draft and heating effectswithin the chamber or chambers controlled may be regulated to any degreeof nicety required.

For some purposes it will be advisable to employ a smaller draftapparatus, and I have illustrated one form thereof in Figs. 6 to 8,where it will be seen that said apparatus has a pipe Z712, provided withtwo branches Z914, capablo of coperating with two holes ct', each branchbeing preferably provided with a dam per Z910 and the exhaust apparatusbeing the same as before.

It will be understood that the kiln is located, as usual, either in alarge building or under a shed, or it may be out in the open air.

, I am aware that it has been proposed heretofore to provide a pipesomewhat like the pipe l), which, however, was not intended to serve mypurpose, but, on the contrary, served simply as a connection between thekilnchamber and au ordinary system of [lues leading to the usual stack,whereas in my invention the said pipe constitutes a draft devicedischarging the products of combustion directly into the atmosphereinstead of into the kiln-dues contained in the walls or structure of thekiln and terminating in a stack.

In operation we will suppose that chamber No.1 (I have numbered all thechambers for convenience of description) is being fired, in which casechamber 2 will be white-hot, chamber 3 red-hot, chamber 4C very hot,chamber 5 hot, chamber 6 warm, and chamber 7, ltherefore, cold, while atthe same time chamber 8 is being filled, chamber 9 is empty, chamber 10is being emptied, chamber ll is becoming cold, chamber l2 is warm,chamber lf3 is hot, and the remaining chambers are still very hot, eachhotter than the precedingr one, although cooling down,or, in otherwords, chambers 1l to 16, inclusive, (shown in Fig. 1,) are cooling downand chambers 2 to 7 are heating. This will be readily understood bythose versed in the construction angl operation of the ordinarycontinuous kiln. The portable draft apparatus will be placed, as shown,on chamber 7, and the remaining holes, at least back to chamber l, willbe closed by caps or covers c4, as indicated in Fig. 5, the holes in thefiring-chamber l being opened only as it may be required to depositfresh coal through the openings. The apparatus having been put in placewith the necks or connections b properly sealed in the sealing-recessesft2, the fan is started, thereupon creating a powerful draft, theequivalent of the usual stack when located to the best advantage andunder the most favorable conditions of weather, direction of wind, the.,and immediately upon the starting of said fan the fire in chamber No. lproceeds to the best advantage, and the burning of the bricks in No. land the heating up of the bricks in the succeeding chambers, which mustbe done evenly and regularly, is accomplished with even draftdistributed to the best advantage, while at the same time the draftapparatus is located out of the di- IOO IIO

rect inliuence of the heat and may be changed whenever and as quickly asexpedient to do so. If it is observed that the bricks are burning or areheating up more rapidly on one side or in any portion of the kiln thanin another portion, the operator will adjust any or all of the dampersin the portable apparatus as may be required in order to get the bestresults. When the chamber 8 has been filled, the draft apparatus willbe4 moved forward thereto, and the holes of the chamber 7 will be closedby caps a4, whereupon the burning will be started in cham ber 2 and willproceed as before, and so on progressively around the kiln, the draftapparatus being preferably connected with the successive chambers asthey become ready for it.

The products of combustion and watersmokc are simply driven off into theroof of the kiln-shed or out into the open air, and the kiln may be runin all kinds of weather with a certainty that the draft will be steadyand uniform irrespective of outside conditions, and, moreover, the draftwill be precisely the same for one chamber as for another.

It will be understood that very many changes in details may be resortedto without departing from my invention.

The fans may be located otherwise than as shown, and any kind of exhaustapparatus may be employed, although I prefer electric fans, and they maybe provided individually for the holes or in aseries for each chamber,and it will be understood that when several fans are used for a chamberthey may be run at variable speeds, and thereby constitute means forvarying or regulating the draft at different points the same as thedampers do, as shown in Figs. 3 and 7.

It will be understood that my invention broadly resides in providing adraft apparatus without fixed flues capable of operating directly on thevarious chambers in succession with uniform effect on each chamber asdistinguished from the provision of an expensive separate stack at somepoint incapable of operating uniformly on all the chambers.

In view of the many variations in arrangement and combination of partswhich are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of myinvention I wish it understood that I do not limit myself otherwise thanas hereinafter expressed in the claims.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

l. A kiln for burning bricks and the like, and a portable draftapparatus for conducting away the products of combustion from saidkiln,said kiln having smoke-holes cooperating with said draftapparatus,and the latter being movable to various positions about thekiln in cooperation with said holes and discharging the smoke directlyinto the atmosphere at the roof of the kiln without the intervention offixed draft-flues,substantially as described.

2. Akiln provided with burning-chambers and smoke-holes for dischargingsmoke therefrom, combined with a portable draft apparatus arranged tocoperate with said holes, said draft apparatus including portable meansfor producing therein a forced draft, substantially as described.

3. A kiln for burning bricks, and the like, said kiln having a pluralityof holes for discharging smoke, and a pipe for receiving smoke from saidholes, said pipe having a free discharge-outlet discharging said smokedirectlyinto the atmosphere, and being movable to various positionsabout the kiln in cooperation with said holes, substantially asdescribed.

4. A kiln provided with a plurality of chambers, certain thereof eachhaving a plurality of smoke-holes, means for opening and closing saidholes, and a draft apparatus for cooperating with the holes of one andthen another of said chambers, said draft apparatus having means fordischarging the smoke directly into the atmosphere at the top of thekiln without the intervention of fixed draftflues or stack,substantially as described.

5. A kiln provided with burning-chambers and smoke-holes therefrom,combined with a portable draft apparatus arranged to coperate with saidholes, means for independently regulating the draft at each of saidholes, said draft apparatus including means portable therewith forproducing therein a forced draft, substantially as described.

6. A kiln whose chambers are provided with holes through the roof, aportable draft apparatus provided with connections fitting said holes,and an exhaust-fan forming a part of said portable apparatus forcreating a forced draft in said apparatus, substantially as described.

7. In a burning-kiln, a chamber provided in its roof with holes for theescape of smoke, said holes having at their outer ends sealingrecesses,combined with a portable draft apparatus including a pipe adapted to twithin said recesses and be sealed therein, and means connected andmovable with said portable apparatus for producing a forced drafttherein, substantially as described.

8. Inaburning-kiln,achamber havingaplurality of smoke-holes, a portabledraft apparatus including a smoke-pipe, said pipe having a plurality oflateral connections arranged to coperate with said holes, portable meansfor producing a draft in said pipe, and a damper in each of said lateralconnections for regulating the draft in the chamber, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

JONATHAN P. B. FISKE.

Witnesses:

GEO. H. MAXWELL, GEO. W. GREGORY.

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